LSA
(6aR,9R)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide
Overview
LSA belongs to Psychedelics / Ergolines.
Effects
- Predominantly sedating and dream-like rather than brightly visual: often described as LSD's 'sleepy' cousin: drowsiness, a heavy body and dreamy, introspective mentation.
- Common physical effects: nausea and vomiting (partly from other seed constituents), pronounced vasoconstriction with cold or tingling extremities, dizziness and motor incoordination.
- Milder and less reliable perceptual and visual changes than LSD. Anxiety and unpleasant dysphoria are relatively common, especially from crude seed preparations.
- Onset is roughly 0.5–3 hours and effects last about 4–10 hours.
Dosing & duration
Oral. Not a recommendation. LSA is almost always taken as morning glory or Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds, whose alkaloid content varies enormously between seeds, cultivars and batches. The seeds also contain other ergot alkaloids and are often coated with fungicides or insecticides that add toxicity. Vasoconstriction is a genuine risk. Seed-count figures are rough guides only.
Dose ranges
≈0.5–2 mg
≈5–10 seeds
≈150–200 seeds
Duration
≈0.5–3 h
≈4–10 h
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Formula | C16H17N3O |
| Molar mass | 267.33 g/mol |
| State | Solid |
| Melting point | 135 °C (decomposes) |
| Boiling point | unavailable: true. reason: the compound decomposes at its melting point rather than boiling. No experimental boiling point is reported |
| Density | unavailable: true. reason: no reliable experimental value is reported for the solid |
| Vapor pressure | Not reported |
| pKa | Not reported |
| LogP | 1.6 (predicted, XLogP3) |
| Solubility | Not reported |
| Refractive index | Not reported |
Identifiers & Synonyms
| CAS | 478-94-4 |
| CAS (enantiomer) | |
| PubChem CID | 442072 |
| InChIKey | GENAHGKEFJLNJB-QMTHXVAHSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C16H17N3O/c1-19-8-10(16(17)20)5-12-11-3-2-4-13-15(11)9(7-18-13)6-14(12)19/h2-5,7,10,14,18H,6,8H2,1H3,(H2,17,20)/t10-,14-/m1/s1 |
| SMILES | CN1C[C@@H](C=C2[C@H]1CC3=CNC4=CC=CC2=C34)C(=O)N |
Synonyms
Pharmacodynamics & Biochemistry
LSA (ergine, d-lysergic acid amide) is the simple carboxamide of lysergic acid: structurally LSD without its two ethyl groups. Like LSD it is an agonist at serotonin 5-HT2A (and 5-HT2B) receptors, the action underlying its psychedelic effects, but it binds and activates them much less potently (roughly 30–120× lower 5-HT2A affinity than LSD) and with somewhat lower efficacy. It also has appreciable affinity for 5-HT1A, dopamine D1–D4 and α1/α2-adrenergic receptors: again weaker than LSD across the board, giving a broad but blunted ergoline profile. Its subjective character is notably more sedating and less visual than LSD, and its strong α-adrenergic and ergoline activity drives peripheral vasoconstriction. Albert Hofmann, who self-experimented with it, described a tired, dreamy, 'narcotic' state rather than a bright psychedelic one. LSA is the principal psychoactive alkaloid of morning glory (Ipomoea, Turbina/Rivea corymbosa: ololiuqui) and Hawaiian baby woodrose (Argyreia nervosa) seeds. Chemically it is a hydrolysis product of larger ergot alkaloids rather than a biosynthetic endpoint.
Biological targets
- 5-HT2A
- 5-HT1A
- 5-HT2C
- 5-HT2B
- D2
- alpha1
- alpha2
Binding & functional measurements
| Target | Measurement | Species |
|---|---|---|
| 5-HT2B | EC50 115 nM | Human |
| 5-HT2C | Ki 798 nM | Human |
| 5-HT1A receptor | Ki 10 nM | Pig |
| 5-HT2A receptor | Ki 28 nM | Unspecified |
| D1 receptor | Ki 832 nM | Unspecified |
| D2 receptor | Ki 891 nM | Unspecified |
| D3 receptor | Ki 437 nM | Unspecified |
| D4 receptor | Ki 141 nM | Unspecified |
| α1-adrenoceptor | Ki 912 nM | Unspecified |
| α2-adrenoceptor | Ki 62 nM | Unspecified |
Pharmacokinetics
| Bioavailability | Orally active |
| Tmax | Not reported |
| Half-life | Not established in humans |
| Vd | Not reported |
| Protein binding | Not reported |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Excretion | Renal |
Toxicology & Safety
Not reported
LSA is an ergoline and shares ergot-type risks: it causes peripheral vasoconstriction, so cardiovascular disease, hypertension and pregnancy (ergot alkaloids stimulate the uterus) are important cautions. In practice LSA is consumed as morning glory or Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds, which is riskier than the pure-substance figures suggest: alkaloid content varies enormously between seeds and batches, the seeds contain other ergot alkaloids, and commercial seeds are frequently treated with fungicides or insecticides that add their own toxicity. Effects are strongly sedating and often accompanied by intense nausea, vomiting, vasoconstriction and dysphoria. Limited data must never be read as evidence of safety.[3][2]
Legal Status
US: Schedule III. UK: Class A. DE: NpSG
Interactions & Contraindications
Drug interactions
Contraindications
No interactions or contraindications listed.
Usage & Context
- Traditional entheogenic use of ololiuqui (Turbina/Rivea corymbosa) and related morning glory seeds by Mesoamerican peoples. Contemporary recreational use of morning glory and Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds.
- Studied as a naturally occurring LSD-like ergoline in receptor-profiling and ethnopharmacology research.
Sources & Evidence
- PubChem: Ergine / lysergic acid amide (CID 442072) — identifiers & computed properties
- Wikipedia: Ergine (LSA) — pharmacology, effects, dosing & occurrence CC BY-SA 4.0
- Paulke A, Kremer C, Wunder C, et al. (2013). Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.): receptor profiling of lysergic acid amide and other potential psychedelic LSD-like compounds by computational and binding assay approaches. J Ethnopharmacol 148:492-7.
PMID 23665164 · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.044
- Wacker D, Wang S, McCorvy JD, et al. (2017). Crystal structure of an LSD-bound human serotonin receptor. Cell 168:377-389.e12.
PMID 28129538 · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.033
- 21 CFR 1308.13 (Schedule III): 'Lysergic acid amide', code 7310 — US federal scheduling
- Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, Schedule 2, Part I (Class A): 'Lysergamide' — UK OGL v3.0
- Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz (NpSG), Anlage — Δ9,10-ergolene (LSD analogues) under the tryptamine-derived group (DE)