3-MeO-PCP
1-[1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine
Overview
3-MeO-PCP belongs to Dissociatives / Arylcyclohexylamines.
Effects
- Dissociation, depersonalisation and derealisation. At lower doses users often report comparatively more euphoria, functionality and 'mental clarity' than other dissociatives, which encourages frequent use.
- Dose-dependent progression to strong dissociation, motor incoordination, internal hallucinations and, at high doses, a dissociative 'hole' with amnesia.
- Prominent adverse and stimulant-type effects: hypertension, tachycardia, agitation, confusion, paranoia, mania and psychosis, especially at high or repeated doses.
- Very long-lasting, with a slow onset that frequently leads users to redose too early.
Dosing & duration
Oral, Insufflated. Not a recommendation. 3-MeO-PCP has never been studied in controlled human trials, so these are only commonly cited community ranges. It is exceptionally potent, active in the low single-digit milligram range, and must be dosed with an accurate milligram scale or volumetric solution, never eyeballed. A small error is a large overdose. Its long half-life (≈10–11 h) and slow onset make redosing especially dangerous, and it has a documented record of overdose, psychosis and death.
Dose ranges
≈3–5 mg (oral)
≈5–10 mg (oral)
≈10–15 mg (oral)
≈15–20 mg (oral)
Duration
≈30–90 min (oral)
Not well characterised
≈4–12 h (oral)
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Formula | C18H27NO |
| Molar mass | 273.4 g/mol |
| State | Solid (usually the hydrochloride salt, white crystalline) |
| Melting point | Not reported |
| Boiling point | Not reported |
| Density | Not reported |
| Vapor pressure | Not reported |
| pKa | Not reported |
| LogP | 3.6 (predicted, XLogP3) |
| Solubility | Not reported |
| Refractive index | Not reported |
Identifiers & Synonyms
| CAS | 72242-03-6 |
| CAS (enantiomer) | |
| PubChem CID | 11778080 |
| InChIKey | BQQSZHHKGPOXLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C18H27NO/c1-20-17-10-8-9-16(15-17)18(11-4-2-5-12-18)19-13-6-3-7-14-19/h8-10,15H,2-7,11-14H2,1H3 |
| SMILES | COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C2(CCCCC2)N3CCCCC3 |
Synonyms
- 3-MeO-PCP
- 3-Methoxyphencyclidine
- 3-MeO-Phencyclidine
Pharmacodynamics & Biochemistry
3-MeO-PCP (3-methoxyphencyclidine) is an arylcyclohexylamine dissociative: the 3-methoxy analogue of PCP. It is a high-affinity uncompetitive NMDA-receptor antagonist (Kᵢ ≈20 nM), the most potent NMDA blocker of the common methoxy-arylcyclohexylamines and several-fold more potent than PCP, which drives its dissociative anaesthesia, analgesia and depersonalisation. It additionally inhibits the serotonin transporter (SERT Kᵢ ≈216 nM) and binds the σ1 receptor (Kᵢ ≈42 nM). Unlike 3-MeO-PCE it has no meaningful dopamine- or noradrenaline-transporter activity, and unlike 3-HO-PCP it has no opioid activity, so its effects are those of a potent, long-acting NMDA antagonist with a serotonergic/σ1 component rather than a stimulant or opioid one. Despite lacking direct dopamine-transporter action, 3-MeO-PCP is strongly associated in practice with agitation, mania, paranoia and psychosis and with stimulant-type cardiovascular effects (hypertension, tachycardia). Its high potency and long duration make dangerous overdoses easy, and it has been implicated in a number of hospitalisations and deaths.
Biological targets
- NMDA
- SERT
- Sigma-1
Binding & functional measurements
| Target | Measurement | Species |
|---|---|---|
| NMDA receptor | Ki 20 nM | Rat |
| Serotonin transporter | Ki 216 nM | Human |
| Sigma-1 receptor | Ki 42 nM | Rodent |
| DAT | Ki No appreciable activity (contrast with 3-MeO-PCE) | Human |
| NET | Ki No activity (<50% inhibition at 10 µM) | Human |
Pharmacokinetics
| Bioavailability | Oral and insufflated (active by both routes) |
| Tmax | Slow onset ≈30–90 min (oral) |
| Half-life | ≈10–11 h (long-acting, estimated) |
| Vd | Not reported |
| Protein binding | Not reported |
| Metabolism | Hepatic. O-demethylated to 3-HO-PCP among other metabolites |
| Excretion | Renal (presumed) |
Toxicology & Safety
Not reported
3-MeO-PCP is the most dangerous of the common methoxy/hydroxy phencyclidines in documented harm: it has been implicated in numerous hospitalisations and in deaths (two attributed to 3-MeO-PCP alone and at least fourteen further post-mortem detections reported by 2022, including a UK fatal intoxication). It is extremely potent, oral threshold ≈3–5 mg, strong effects at ≈10–20 mg, so a small weighing or volumetric error is a large overdose, and it must never be eyeballed (a reported 300–500 mg ingestion produced psychosis, aggression and amnesia). Its long half-life (≈10–11 h) and slow onset make delayed, cumulative overdoses easy when users redose. It commonly causes marked agitation, mania, paranoia and psychosis together with hypertension and tachycardia, and dissociation brings the usual dangers of falls, accidents and vomiting with a suppressed gag reflex. Its serotonin-transporter activity adds a serotonin-toxicity risk with other serotonergic drugs, and ketamine-type bladder/urinary-tract damage is a plausible risk of repeated use. It has never been formally studied in humans and the absence of controlled data must not be read as safety.[4][3][2]
Legal Status
US: Not federally scheduled. UK: Class B. DE: BtMG Anlage II
Interactions & Contraindications
Drug interactions
Contraindications
No interactions or contraindications listed.
Usage & Context
- Sold online as a 'research chemical' / designer dissociative from around 2011. First reported to European monitoring in early 2012 and repeatedly detected in poisonings and deaths thereafter.
- First synthesised in 1979 during structure–activity studies of phencyclidine. Human effects were documented from the late 1990s.
Sources & Evidence
- PubChem: 3-MeO-PCP (CID 11778080) — identifiers & computed properties
- Wikipedia: 3-MeO-PCP — pharmacology, effects, toxicity, history & legal status CC BY-SA 4.0
- Roth BL, Gibbons S, Arunotayanun W, et al. (2013). The ketamine analogue methoxetamine and 3- and 4-methoxy analogues of phencyclidine are high affinity and selective ligands for the glutamate NMDA receptor. PLoS One 8:e59334.
PMID 23527166 · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059334
- Copeland CS, Hudson S, Treble R, et al. (2022). The First Fatal Intoxication with 3-MeO-PCP in the UK and a Review of the Literature. J Anal Toxicol 46:461-470.
PMID 35246686 · doi:10.1093/jat/bkac015
- Wallach J, Brandt SD (2018). Phencyclidine-Based New Psychoactive Substances. Handb Exp Pharmacol 252:261-303.
PMID 30105474 · doi:10.1007/164_2018_124
- Morris H, Wallach J (2014). From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Test Anal 6:614-32.
PMID 24678061 · doi:10.1002/dta.1620
- GOV.UK: Controlled drugs list (Misuse of Drugs legislation) — arylcyclohexylamines are Class B OGL v3.0
- BtMG Anlage II — Betäubungsmittelgesetz (3-MeO-PCP individually scheduled since 2015, verkehrsfähig, nicht verschreibungsfähig)
- DEA Diversion Control Division: Controlled Substance Schedules (3-MeO-PCP — not scheduled, Federal Analogue Act may apply)
- PubChem computed properties (CID 11778080)