3-HO-PCP
3-(1-piperidin-1-ylcyclohexyl)phenol
Overview
3-HO-PCP belongs to Dissociatives / Arylcyclohexylamines.
Effects
- Dose-dependent dissociation: depersonalisation, derealisation and, at higher doses, near-complete disconnection from the body and environment (a dissociative 'hole' with immobilisation).
- Euphoria and an opioid-like warmth and analgesia that is unusual for a dissociative and reflects its μ-opioid agonism, alongside the expected numbness and detachment.
- Alternating stimulation and sedation, motor incoordination and slurred, uncoordinated movement.
- Cognitive and perceptual distortion: internal hallucinations and dream-like states, distorted sense of time and space, anxiety suppression at low doses but confusion, anxiety or psychosis-like states at high doses.
Dosing & duration
Oral, Insufflated. Not a recommendation. 3-HO-PCP has never been studied in controlled human trials, so these are only commonly cited community ranges. It is exceptionally potent, active in the low single-digit milligram range, so it must be dosed by accurate milligram scale or volumetric solution, never eyeballed. A small error is a large overdose. Because it is a genuine opioid agonist as well as a dissociative, redosing and combining it with any other depressant are especially dangerous. Onset is slow (≈60–90 min orally), which frequently leads users to redose too early.
Dose ranges
≈1 mg (oral)
≈2–4 mg (oral)
≈4–6 mg (oral)
≈6–8 mg (oral)
Duration
≈60–90 min (oral)
Not well characterised
≈4–6 h (oral)
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Formula | C17H25NO |
| Molar mass | 259.4 g/mol |
| State | Solid (usually the hydrochloride salt) |
| Melting point | Not reported |
| Boiling point | Not reported |
| Density | Not reported |
| Vapor pressure | Not reported |
| pKa | Not reported |
| LogP | 3.3 (predicted, XLogP3) |
| Solubility | Not reported |
| Refractive index | Not reported |
Identifiers & Synonyms
| CAS | 79787-43-2 |
| CAS (enantiomer) | |
| PubChem CID | 133277 |
| InChIKey | AMSXTZUCNOKUEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C17H25NO/c19-16-9-7-8-15(14-16)17(10-3-1-4-11-17)18-12-5-2-6-13-18/h7-9,14,19H,1-6,10-13H2 |
| SMILES | C1CCC(CC1)(C2=CC(=CC=C2)O)N3CCCCC3 |
Synonyms
- 3-HO-PCP
- 3-Hydroxyphencyclidine
- 3-OH-PCP
Pharmacodynamics & Biochemistry
3-HO-PCP (3-hydroxyphencyclidine) is an arylcyclohexylamine dissociative and a high-affinity uncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA glutamate receptor, binding inside the channel at the dizocilpine (MK-801)/PCP site with roughly eight-fold greater potency than PCP itself (Kᵢ ≈30 nM vs. ≈250 nM). This NMDA channel block produces the dissociative anaesthesia, analgesia and depersonalisation shared by the whole PCP/ketamine family. What makes 3-HO-PCP unique among arylcyclohexylamines is that it is also a genuine, potent μ-opioid receptor agonist (Kᵢ ≈39–60 nM, agonist EC50 ≈85 nM), with additional κ-opioid (Kᵢ ≈140 nM) and σ1 (Kᵢ ≈42 nM) affinity and only weak δ-opioid activity. PCP and most other dissociatives are essentially inactive at opioid receptors, so this opioid agonism is a defining and dangerous feature of 3-HO-PCP rather than a footnote. The practical consequence is that 3-HO-PCP behaves partly like an opioid: it can cause opioid-type respiratory depression, its opioid component is reversible by naloxone, and combining it with other central-nervous-system depressants (opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol, GHB) stacks respiratory depression in a way that plain dissociatives do not.
Biological targets
- NMDA
- MOR
- KOR
- Sigma-1
Binding & functional measurements
| Target | Measurement | Species |
|---|---|---|
| NMDA | Ki 30 nM | Rat |
| MOR | Ki 50 nM | Rodent |
| KOR | Ki 140 nM | Rodent |
| Sigma-1 | Ki 42 nM | Rodent |
| DOR | Ki 2,300 nM | Rodent |
Pharmacokinetics
| Bioavailability | Oral and insufflated (active by both routes) |
| Tmax | Slow onset ≈60–90 min (oral) |
| Half-life | Not established in humans (oral effects ≈4–6 h) |
| Vd | Not reported |
| Protein binding | Not reported |
| Metabolism | Hepatic. 3-HO-PCP is itself the O-demethylation metabolite of 3-MeO-PCP |
| Excretion | Renal (presumed) |
Toxicology & Safety
Not reported
3-HO-PCP is extremely potent: oral doses are in the low single-digit milligram range (threshold ≈1 mg, common ≈4–6 mg), so a small volumetric or weighing error can be a large overdose, and it should never be eyeballed. Its defining hazard is that, unlike PCP or ketamine, it is a real μ-opioid agonist as well as an NMDA antagonist: it can cause opioid-type respiratory depression, and it is especially dangerous combined with opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol or other depressants, where respiratory arrest can occur. The opioid component can be reversed by naloxone, but the NMDA/dissociative component cannot. Heavy dissociation brings the usual dissociative dangers: falls and accidents, vomiting with a suppressed gag reflex (aspiration risk), and dangerous behaviour from impaired judgement. The slow, creeping onset tempts redosing, which produces cumulative dissociation and opioid depression. It is reported to be more habit-forming than dissociatives such as ketamine or MXE, and bladder/urinary-tract toxicity seen with chronic dissociative use is a plausible long-term risk. 3-HO-PCP has never been formally studied in humans. The absence of toxicity data must never be read as evidence of safety.[3][6][2]
Legal Status
US: Not federally scheduled. UK: Class B. DE: NpSG
Interactions & Contraindications
Drug interactions
Contraindications
No interactions or contraindications listed.
Usage & Context
- Sold online as a 'research chemical' / grey-market dissociative from around 2009 onward. Discussed on drug forums (The Hive, Bluelight) as early as the late 1990s–2000s.
- First synthesised in the late 1970s–early 1980s during structure–activity studies of phencyclidine. The 3-hydroxy derivative was specifically noted for its opioid character.
Sources & Evidence
- PubChem: 3-HO-PCP (CID 133277) — identifiers & computed properties
- Wikipedia: 3-HO-PCP — pharmacology, opioid activity, effects, history & legal status CC BY-SA 4.0
- Itzhak Y, Kalir A, Sarne Y (1981). On the opioid nature of phencyclidine and its 3-hydroxy derivative. Eur J Pharmacol 73:229-33.
PMID 6273187 · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(81)90097-2
- Kamenka JM, Chiche B, Goudal R, et al. (1982). Chemical synthesis and molecular pharmacology of hydroxylated 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl-piperidine derivatives. J Med Chem 25:431-5.
PMID 6279847 · doi:10.1021/jm00346a019
- Morris H, Wallach J (2014). From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Test Anal 6:614-32.
PMID 24678061 · doi:10.1002/dta.1620
- PsychonautWiki: 3-HO-PCP — dosing, duration, subjective effects & tolerance CC BY-SA 4.0
- GOV.UK: Controlled drugs list (Misuse of Drugs legislation) — arylcyclohexylamines are Class B OGL v3.0
- NpSG — Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz (arylcyclohexylamine group added 2021)
- DEA Diversion Control Division: Controlled Substance Schedules (3-HO-PCP — not scheduled, Federal Analogue Act may apply)
- PubChem computed properties (CID 133277)