2C-D

2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanamine

Overview

2C-D belongs to Psychedelics / Phenethylamines / 2C series.

Key safety note: As a serotonergic 2C psychedelic, 2C-D can acutely cause anxiety, restlessness, nausea and, at higher doses, perceptual overwhelm, alongside sympathomimetic effects such as tachycardia, hypertension and mydriasis.[2]
Effects
Subjective effects vary. What a substance feels like depends on dose, individual physiology, mindset, and setting. The points below describe commonly reported effects, not guaranteed, uniform, or desirable outcomes.
  • Subtle and easily overlooked at low doses
  • Often more stimulant-like than classically psychedelic at common doses, with limited visual activity
  • Stronger psychedelic and visual effects emerge toward the upper end of the dose range
  • Relatively short-acting and gentle compared with more potent 2C compounds
Dosing & duration
Harm-reduction note: These are commonly cited reference ranges, not a recommendation or a “safe” dose. Potency, purity, body chemistry, tolerance, and drug combinations vary widely. Start low, go slow, wait for full effects before redosing, and never assume an unknown product matches these figures. Missing data is not evidence of safety.

Oral

Dose ranges

Oral

20–60 mg

Duration

onset

Relatively fast (roughly 20–30 min)

total

4–6 h

Chemical & Physical Properties
FormulaC11H17NO2
Molar mass195.26 g/mol
StateSolid (usually the hydrochloride salt, white crystalline)
Melting point213–214 °C (hydrochloride salt)
Boiling pointNot reported
DensityNot reported
Vapor pressureNot reported
pKaNot reported
LogP1.8 (predicted, XLogP3)
SolubilityNot reported
Refractive indexNot reported
Identifiers & Synonyms
CASNot reported
CAS (enantiomer)
PubChem CID135740
InChIKeyUNQQFDCVEMVQHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChIInChI=1S/C11H17NO2/c1-8-6-11(14-3)9(4-5-12)7-10(8)13-2/h6-7H,4-5,12H2,1-3H3
SMILESCC1=CC(=C(C=C1OC)CCN)OC

Synonyms

  • 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine
  • 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine
  • 2C-D
  • LE-25
Pharmacodynamics & Biochemistry

Serotonergic phenethylamine psychedelic acting mainly as a 5-HT2A receptor agonist (with comparatively low efficacy in some assays). Also engages 5-HT2C and, more weakly, 5-HT1A and other serotonin receptors. Often characterised as one of the milder, more stimulant-like and less overtly visual members of the 2C series.

Biological targets

  • 5-HT2A
  • 5-HT2C

Binding & functional measurements

TargetMeasurementSpecies
5-HT2A receptorKi 32 ± 5.0 nMHuman
5-HT2C receptorKi 150 ± 30 nMHuman
5-HT2B receptorEC50 230 ± 70 nM
Emax 77 ± 17%		Human
5-HT1A receptorKi 440 ± 10 nMHuman
α2-adrenoceptorKi 290 ± 30 nMHuman
D2 receptorKi 7,100 ± 1,700 nMHuman
TAAR1Ki 150 ± 30 nMRat
5-HT2A receptorEC50 44 nM
Emax 78.7%		Human
5-HT2C receptorEC50 71 ± 8.0 nM
Emax 100 ± 14%		Human
TAAR1EC50 2,000 ± 200 nM
Emax 61 ± 19%		Mouse
TAAR1Ki 3,500 ± 100 nMMouse
TAAR1EC50 490 ± 140 nM
Emax 55 ± 10%		Rat
Pharmacokinetics
BioavailabilityNot reported
TmaxNot reported
Half-lifeModerate
VdNot reported
Protein bindingNot reported
MetabolismHepatic
ExcretionNot reported
Toxicology & Safety
Harm-reduction note: Toxicity and risk depend on dose, route, purity, combinations, setting, and individual health factors. Missing harms should never be interpreted as evidence of safety.

Not reported

As a serotonergic 2C psychedelic, 2C-D can acutely cause anxiety, restlessness, nausea and, at higher doses, perceptual overwhelm, alongside sympathomimetic effects such as tachycardia, hypertension and mydriasis. It is often comparatively mild, but this does not imply safety: risk rises with higher doses, hot or crowded settings, adulteration, and combination with stimulants or other serotonergic drugs. Formal human toxicity data are very limited, and limited literature must never be read as evidence of safety.[2]

Legal Status
Legal note: Legal status can change over time and may vary by country, region, formulation, analogue status, prescription context, and enforcement practice. Always confirm with current official sources before relying on this section.
Interactions & Contraindications

Drug interactions

SSRIs, SNRIs, Lithium, Tramadol, Other serotonergic drugs Can add to serotonergic load and, in principle, raise the risk of serotonin toxicity.
MAOIs May intensify and prolong effects unpredictably, warranting particular caution.
Stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine) Compound cardiovascular strain, anxiety, vasoconstriction and overheating risk.

Contraindications

Personal or family history of psychosis, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Cardiovascular disease, hypertension or arrhythmia significant or uncontrolled disease or hypertension.
Concurrent MAOI, SSRI/SNRI or other serotonergic medication concurrent MAO inhibitors.
Hot, dehydrating environments (overheating risk) or heavy stimulant co-use.
Usage & Context
  • Research.
  • Historically investigated as a psychotherapy adjunct (as LE-25).
Sources & Evidence

Further Information